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The Panchang :
The Hindus follow the Panchang which is a spiritual and scientific calendar .It provides a listing of festivals, weather predictions, events, epidemics and personal fortune. The word "Panch" means five and "ang" means aspect. Panchang is an ancient Indian Calendar system based on Astrological facts. Calculations are done based on the position and movement of the planets, stars and constellations. These are used to determine the most ideal or auspicious time for carrying out various activities like getting married, stepping into a new home, attending work for the first time, etc. The Panchang is also a ready made guide that gives us the dates of important hindu festivals. It gives the exact time when a particular task can be undertaken to reap maximum benefits. It defines a particular time of a day using the five parameters - the day, the tithi, the star, the yoga and the karana corresponding to that day.
Constitution of Panchang:
The time between two consecutive risings of the sun is the Solar day .
The time between two consecutive risings of the moon is taken as Lunar Day or Tithi.
The panchang measures time in lunar months whose names reveal the secret path of stars and constellations. The face of the new moon is called "Amavasya" and it ushers in the new month. The first fortnight of the full moon is known as Shuklapaksha or "the bright half" as the moon waxes; while the dark half fortnight of the month is called Krishnapaksha during whichthe moon wanes. Poornima marks the end of Shuklapaksha.
Months in the lunar year according to the Panchang:
The Hindu calendar usually has 12 months each given the name of the solar month in which it begins. However there may even be 13 months as each month begins with the new moon.
When two moons occur in the same solar month, the two lunar months will both be known by the same name, but will have "adhika" placed before the name of the first month. Occasionally a solar month may occur with no moon., when this happens, the solar month is known as a "ksaya" month.
The twelve months of the lunar year correspond to the following:
haitra (March- April)
aisakh (April- May)
Jyeshta (May- June)
Aashaadh (June- July)
Shravan (July- August)
Bhadra (August - September)
Ashwin (Septembe r- October)
Kartik (October- November)
Margasheersh (November- December)
Paush (December - January)
Maagh (January - February)
Phagun (February - March)
The Days in the Lunar year are:
The Panchang lists four weeks of seven days for a lunar month, identified with planets and gods.
Vaasara: There areseven days of the week:
Ravi Vaasara (Sunday)
Soma Vaasara (Monday)
Mangala Vaasara (Tuesday)
Budha Vaasara (Wednesday)
Guru Vaasara (Thursday)
Shukra Vaasara (Friday)
Shani Vaasara (Saturday)
There are many other variations of these names, usingother names of the celestial bodies of the Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn. In common language, the word 'vaasara' is replaced by 'vaara', so Friday is 'Shukravaara' etc.
The Hindus follow the Panchang which is a spiritual and scientific calendar .It provides a listing of festivals, weather predictions, events, epidemics and personal fortune. The word "Panch" means five and "ang" means aspect. Panchang is an ancient Indian Calendar system based on Astrological facts. Calculations are done based on the position and movement of the planets, stars and constellations. These are used to determine the most ideal or auspicious time for carrying out various activities like getting married, stepping into a new home, attending work for the first time, etc. The Panchang is also a ready made guide that gives us the dates of important hindu festivals. It gives the exact time when a particular task can be undertaken to reap maximum benefits. It defines a particular time of a day using the five parameters - the day, the tithi, the star, the yoga and the karana corresponding to that day.
Constitution of Panchang:
The time between two consecutive risings of the sun is the Solar day .
The time between two consecutive risings of the moon is taken as Lunar Day or Tithi.
The panchang measures time in lunar months whose names reveal the secret path of stars and constellations. The face of the new moon is called "Amavasya" and it ushers in the new month. The first fortnight of the full moon is known as Shuklapaksha or "the bright half" as the moon waxes; while the dark half fortnight of the month is called Krishnapaksha during whichthe moon wanes. Poornima marks the end of Shuklapaksha.
Months in the lunar year according to the Panchang:
The Hindu calendar usually has 12 months each given the name of the solar month in which it begins. However there may even be 13 months as each month begins with the new moon.
When two moons occur in the same solar month, the two lunar months will both be known by the same name, but will have "adhika" placed before the name of the first month. Occasionally a solar month may occur with no moon., when this happens, the solar month is known as a "ksaya" month.
The twelve months of the lunar year correspond to the following:
haitra (March- April)
aisakh (April- May)
Jyeshta (May- June)
Aashaadh (June- July)
Shravan (July- August)
Bhadra (August - September)
Ashwin (Septembe r- October)
Kartik (October- November)
Margasheersh (November- December)
Paush (December - January)
Maagh (January - February)
Phagun (February - March)
The Days in the Lunar year are:
The Panchang lists four weeks of seven days for a lunar month, identified with planets and gods.
| Panchang Name | English Name | Planet | Name of God |
| Somvar | Monday | Moon | Shiva |
| Mangalvar | Tuesday | Mars | Ganapati, Parvati |
| Budhvar | Wednesday | Mercury | Krishna |
| Guruvar | Thursday | Jupiter | Dattaguru |
| Shukravar | Friday | Venus | Lakshmi |
| Shanivar | Saturday | Saturn | Hanuman |
| Ravivar | Sunday | Sun | Sun God |
Ravi Vaasara (Sunday)
Soma Vaasara (Monday)
Mangala Vaasara (Tuesday)
Budha Vaasara (Wednesday)
Guru Vaasara (Thursday)
Shukra Vaasara (Friday)
Shani Vaasara (Saturday)
There are many other variations of these names, usingother names of the celestial bodies of the Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn. In common language, the word 'vaasara' is replaced by 'vaara', so Friday is 'Shukravaara' etc.
