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Political Event upto 1947
Pre-historic Times to 1338 A.D
Sage Kashyap to Kota Rani Flowering of Hindu Culture.
1339 A.D
Beginning of Muslim Rule: Shah Mir usurps power as Sultan Shamsuddin.
1354-1373
Sultan Shihabuddin: Islamic rule consolidated.
1373-1389
Sultan Qutubuddin; Islamisation of Kashmir begins.
1389-1413
Sultan Sikandar (Iconoclast); ruthless destruction of Hindu culture and religion; large scale killing of Brahmin; conversion of Hindus; Jizia imposed; even Tilak forbidden.
1420-1470
Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin; tolerant and benevolent ruler; spread of Islam continues.
Next 100 years
Period of instability, intrigues and decay.
1540 A.D
Mughal rule introduced in the valley by Mirza Haider, a General of Humayun; all high posts and jagirs distributed to Mughals.
1589 A.D
Mughal emperor Akbar establishes full control over Kashmir; visited Kashmir thrice.
1605-1658 A.D
Reign of Jahangir and Shahjahan; peace and progress. Emperors loved Kashmir
1658-1707 A.D
Reign of Aurangzeb. Islamisation efforts intensified everywhere including Kashmir; the persecuted Kashmiri Pandits approach Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur for help which leads to his martydom.
1746-47
Devastating flood, horrible famine; ¾ of People die.
1753-1819 AD
Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali; Afghan rule over Kashmir; a period of oppression, persecution and plunder, with a break of 9 years under Sukhjiwan Mai, a Hindu Khatri.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's forces defeat Afghans; Sikh rule established over ashmir; Ranjit Singh grants a number of estates, including Jammu, and the title of 'Raja' to his dogra General Gulab Singh.
After defeating Sikhs in Anglo-Sikh War in 1845, the British annex Kashmir from the Sikhs; and by the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, transfer it to Raja Gulab Singh for ever.
British-Indian Government appointed a permanent Resident Political Agent in Srinagar to increase control over state administration.
Serious anti-Hindu riots in Kashmir; Sheikh Abdullah, beginning his political career, acted as a rabid Muslim fanatic. Maharaja appoints a Commission to look into the grievances of various Communities under a British officer B.J. Glancy.
1932
Formation of AU-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, with Sheikh Abdullah as President.
Maharaja announces constitutional reforms.
Sheikh Abdullah contacts British officer B.J. Glancy and offers his services to the British Raj.
1937
Sheikh and Nehru have their first meeting through communist intermediaries; discuss political matters.
The name of All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference changed to All-Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (AJKNC).
AJKNC joins All-India States Peoples' Conference.
National Conference prepares a political document called "Naya Kashmir".
1946
Abdullah launches 'Quit Kashmir' movement against Maharaja. (May 10) Abdullah and other NC leaders arrested; Nehru arrested while trying to enter J&K in support of Abdullah. Mountbatten meets Maharaja Hari Singh in Srinagar to discuss future status of J&K.
Sheikh Abdullah imprisoned for sedition. Mahatma Gandhi meets Maharaja in Srinagar; Pakistan is born. (August 14)
1947
India attains independence. (August 15)
Pakistan agrees to enter into a standstill agreement with Kashmir; India postpones the decision, (August)
Reports of preparations on Pakistani side to launch attacks on Kashmir. (September)
Sheikh Abdullah released from Jail after expressing loyalty to the Maharaja. (September)
Sheikh sends G.M. Sadiq to Pakistan to negotiate on the future status of J&K. (September)
October 15 Pakistan has violated the Stand Still Agreement by imposing economic blockade on the State. The Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mehar Chand Mahajan complained to British Government.
October 18 Kashmir Government complained to the Pakistani Government of hostile acts and propaganda.
All out invasion of Kashmir by Pakistani tribes men with the abetment of Pakistani Government.
October 24 Kashmir Government requested the Government of India for military aid to defend their State from invaders.
October 26 Indian Government asked for immediate help against raiders and offered accession of State to India, in a communication from Maharaja of Kashmir.
India pledged support to Kashmir against invaders and insurgents.
October 27 It was officially announced, that Indian Government
Sage Kashyap to Kota Rani Flowering of Hindu Culture.
1339 A.D
Beginning of Muslim Rule: Shah Mir usurps power as Sultan Shamsuddin.
1354-1373
Sultan Shihabuddin: Islamic rule consolidated.
1373-1389
Sultan Qutubuddin; Islamisation of Kashmir begins.
1389-1413
Sultan Sikandar (Iconoclast); ruthless destruction of Hindu culture and religion; large scale killing of Brahmin; conversion of Hindus; Jizia imposed; even Tilak forbidden.
1420-1470
Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin; tolerant and benevolent ruler; spread of Islam continues.
Next 100 years
Period of instability, intrigues and decay.
1540 A.D
Mughal rule introduced in the valley by Mirza Haider, a General of Humayun; all high posts and jagirs distributed to Mughals.
1589 A.D
Mughal emperor Akbar establishes full control over Kashmir; visited Kashmir thrice.
1605-1658 A.D
Reign of Jahangir and Shahjahan; peace and progress. Emperors loved Kashmir
1658-1707 A.D
Reign of Aurangzeb. Islamisation efforts intensified everywhere including Kashmir; the persecuted Kashmiri Pandits approach Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur for help which leads to his martydom.
1746-47
Devastating flood, horrible famine; ¾ of People die.
1753-1819 AD
Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali; Afghan rule over Kashmir; a period of oppression, persecution and plunder, with a break of 9 years under Sukhjiwan Mai, a Hindu Khatri.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's forces defeat Afghans; Sikh rule established over ashmir; Ranjit Singh grants a number of estates, including Jammu, and the title of 'Raja' to his dogra General Gulab Singh.
After defeating Sikhs in Anglo-Sikh War in 1845, the British annex Kashmir from the Sikhs; and by the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, transfer it to Raja Gulab Singh for ever.
British-Indian Government appointed a permanent Resident Political Agent in Srinagar to increase control over state administration.
Serious anti-Hindu riots in Kashmir; Sheikh Abdullah, beginning his political career, acted as a rabid Muslim fanatic. Maharaja appoints a Commission to look into the grievances of various Communities under a British officer B.J. Glancy.
1932
Formation of AU-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, with Sheikh Abdullah as President.
Maharaja announces constitutional reforms.
Sheikh Abdullah contacts British officer B.J. Glancy and offers his services to the British Raj.
1937
Sheikh and Nehru have their first meeting through communist intermediaries; discuss political matters.
The name of All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference changed to All-Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (AJKNC).
AJKNC joins All-India States Peoples' Conference.
National Conference prepares a political document called "Naya Kashmir".
1946
Abdullah launches 'Quit Kashmir' movement against Maharaja. (May 10) Abdullah and other NC leaders arrested; Nehru arrested while trying to enter J&K in support of Abdullah. Mountbatten meets Maharaja Hari Singh in Srinagar to discuss future status of J&K.
Sheikh Abdullah imprisoned for sedition. Mahatma Gandhi meets Maharaja in Srinagar; Pakistan is born. (August 14)
1947
India attains independence. (August 15)
Pakistan agrees to enter into a standstill agreement with Kashmir; India postpones the decision, (August)
Reports of preparations on Pakistani side to launch attacks on Kashmir. (September)
Sheikh Abdullah released from Jail after expressing loyalty to the Maharaja. (September)
Sheikh sends G.M. Sadiq to Pakistan to negotiate on the future status of J&K. (September)
October 15 Pakistan has violated the Stand Still Agreement by imposing economic blockade on the State. The Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mehar Chand Mahajan complained to British Government.
October 18 Kashmir Government complained to the Pakistani Government of hostile acts and propaganda.
All out invasion of Kashmir by Pakistani tribes men with the abetment of Pakistani Government.
October 24 Kashmir Government requested the Government of India for military aid to defend their State from invaders.
October 26 Indian Government asked for immediate help against raiders and offered accession of State to India, in a communication from Maharaja of Kashmir.
India pledged support to Kashmir against invaders and insurgents.
October 27 It was officially announced, that Indian Government
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